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This page explains how to use the Java Servlet container's mechanism
to enforce encryption on the servlets that need it. Please
see SecuringDspace for suggestions on how to determine that,
it is not covered here.

Using this method, you can run a Java Servlet container like Tomcat as
a web server, and it will automatically redirect the servlets that
need encryption to the HTTPS port.

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The Java Servlet 2.4 specification,
also known as JSR 154, defines an environment in which Java Servlets
are run to provide services through a Web server. It standardizes
the configuration (at the container level) as well as an API, and
a packaging/delivery mechanism (WAR files).

Servlet "container" implementations like
Apache Tomcat support the Java Servlet specification,
so the specification serves as documentation for them.

DSpace is deployed as a conforming Java Servlet that can be expected
to run in any servlet container implementing the correct version of
the servlet spec.

See Also

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This section has details for
Apache Tomcat 5.0,
which may need alteration for later releases of Tomcat.

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Tomcat Server Configuration

First get familiar with
how a Tomcat server is configured.

The Tomcat configuration file is

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conf/server.xml

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, relative
to the Tomcat installation directory. Consult
the Tomcat SSL documentation
for all the details about adding a Connector element for HTTPS.

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• One Connector element on a NON-SSL port with the attribute Code BlockredirectPort indicating the HTTPS port number, e.g. Code BlockredirectPort="8443".
• Another Connector element, at that SSL port, marked as secure, i.e. with the Code Blocksecure="true" attribute set. It must also have the other attributes needed for HTTPS.

Example of the Connector element for HTTP:

          <Connector port="8080"
              maxThreads="6" minSpareThreads="2" maxSpareThreads="5"
              enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100"
              debug="0" connectionTimeout="20000"
              disableUploadTimeout="true" />

Example of the Connector element for HTTPS (with keystore in /tomcat/conf/keystore):

           <Connector port="8443"
              maxThreads="6" minSpareThreads="2" maxSpareThreads="5"
              enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true"
              acceptCount="100" debug="0" scheme="https" secure="true"
              sslProtocol="TLS"
              keystoreFile="/tomcat/conf/keystore

):

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"
              keystorePass="changeit"
              clientAuth="true"
              truststoreFile="/tomcat/conf/keystore"
              trustedstorePass="changeit" />

This is all you need to get a request on the HTTP port automatically
redirected to the HTTPS port when it requires a secure connection.

Don't forget to check the
Tomcat SSL how-to
for everything else you'll need to configure to implement SSL on Tomcat.

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To configure your webapp, you have to modify the

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web.xml

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configuration file. In the running server, this will be in the
relative path

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WEB-INF/web.xml

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under the webapp's directory,
e.g.

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tomcat/webapps/dspace/WEB-INF/web.xml

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. However, it
comes from the WAR file when that is deployed, so to change it
permanently you'll have to go to the DSpace source directory.

In the DSpace source directory, look for

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etc/dspace-web.xml

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.
If you modify this file, and rebuild the WARs, it will get into

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dspace.war

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.

Add a new

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security-constraint

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element to the very end of the
file, as the last element within the root

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web-app

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element.
It contains a list of resources, and the constraint to apply to them.
The resources are in the form of URL patterns as documented in the
servlet spec – so you can refine the URLs chosen to have HTTPS required
down to the page level.

Here is an example of a

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security-constraint

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element that requires HTTPS on the servlet classes

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EditProfileServlet,

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LDAPServlet,

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PasswordServlet,

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RegisterServlet

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.
I believe these are the only places where passwords are entered.

<security-constraint>
   <web-resource-collection>
     <web-resource-name>Pages requiring HTTPS</web-resource-name>
     <url-pattern>/profile</url-pattern>
     <url-pattern>/register</url-pattern>
     <url-pattern>/password-login</url-pattern>
     <url-pattern>/ldap-login</url-pattern>
   </web-resource-collection>
   <user-data-constraint>
     <transport-guarantee>CONFIDENTIAL</transport-guarantee>
   </user-data-constraint>
 </security-constraint>

After modifying the web.xml file, rebuild the WAR files and deploy
the new

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dspace.war

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, and restart the servlet container
so you can be sure it is the running version of the webapp.

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If this proves useful, consider making a patch to include the

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security-constraint

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element as a commented-out section
in the copy of

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etc/dspace-web.xml

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in the DSpace source,
so a site administrator could enable it by removing the comments.